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What Is Simulation Engineering?

Wednesday, July 22, 2009

Simulation engineering is a broad term used to describe computer simulation technologies and programs used to model engineering projects and evaluate the risks and benefits in a virtual environment. The use of these types of programs has expanded exponentially in the past 10 years, allowing engineering advances in every area, ranging from bioengineering to environmental science. There are four main components to simulation engineering: software, memory requirements, hardware resources, and user interfaces.

All simulation engineering tools are designed for use by trained engineers or engineering technologists. Many engineering post-secondary programs now have courses in simulation engineering, when it should be used, and how to interpret the results. This advance in technology has greatly reduced costly errors, allows engineering research to expand into new areas at a much lower cost, and to work out the landscape of their research before actually starting the physical project.

The software used in simulation engineering is specifically designed for each discipline. The quality and flexibility of these programs have increased dramatically with expanded usage. As such, the software products available now include time lapse and projections, impact of natural forces over extended time frames, and the impact of temperature fluctuations.

One of the remaining hurdles with simulation engineering is the sheer volume of memory and system resources required to use this type of software. It is interesting to note that it was not a change in the requirements, but improved processing and lower costs for memory that have allowed this industry to expand. As computer memory manufacturers improve their processes, costs decreased. According to Moore’s law, the cost for memory should drop by 50 percent every 18 months.

Hardware requirements for these software products are significant. In the interest of cost savings, many large research universities combine resources and funding to create separate institutes for engineering research. These institutes function independently, but are responsible to a board of directors representing all the partner institutes. As such, the research is able to progress, and the knowledge shared. This type of partnership is not uncommon in the post-secondary sector, but is not viable in the private sector.

User interfaces required for simulation engineering have advanced in the past few years. Traditionally, users were required to learn programming languages, and key in all the specifications and requirements. The computer would process the request and provide the results of the calculations. Advances in technology and resource allocation now allow users to have graphical interfaces, multidimensional projections, and view the impact of specific actions on the shape and other physical characteristics.

What is a Nuclear Engineer?

A nuclear engineer is someone who works with atomic particles. This field is incredibly diverse, encompassing everything from building high powered nuclear weapons to developing new techniques in nuclear medicine with the goal of diagnosing disease. Working conditions for nuclear engineers typically include long hours in a laboratory environment, and most nuclear engineers are good at working on teams to solve complex problems. Pay scales in this field vary widely, depending on what type of work a nuclear engineer does and what sort of training he or she has received. As a general rule, most people enter this field out of genuine interest, rather than a desire to make money.

To become a nuclear engineer, someone must generally receive a bachelor's degree in nuclear engineering and then pursue graduate level coursework. In some cases, someone can work as a technician on a nuclear reactor such as one found in a power plant with only a bachelor's degree, but people who are interested in working with innovative nuclear technology should plan on a master's degree at a minimum.

In many cases a nuclear engineer works for a government, developing defense systems, helping to handle nuclear waste, and studying radioactivity. Others work specifically in the defense industry, or for companies which develop new medical equipment, along with utilities. In nations which utilize nuclear power, nuclear engineers help to keep that power safe, clean, and effective for the nation's citizens. A limited number work in research for various companies in the private sector.

Among other things, a nuclear engineer may work with nuclear fission, such as that which powers reactors, nuclear fusion in experimental engineering, radioactive materials, weapons, and nuclear fuel. In medicine, nuclear engineers study the effect of radiation on the human body, and develop radiological tools for diagnosis and treatment of various conditions. Nuclear engineers also address issues like handling radioactive materials safely, and disposing of spent nuclear fuel and other radioactive products.

Some nuclear engineers prefer more theoretical work in the field of nuclear physics. This branch of physics studies atomic activity at a range of levels, in a controlled laboratory environment where people can observe and experiment with atomic particles. Many nuclear physicists work for educational institutions, pursuing post-graduate work and working with up and comers in the field. Some also work for government-sponsored research centers, in an attempt to learn more about radiation and how it can be harnessed for useful purposes.

What Is a Forensic Engineer?

A forensic engineer is an engineer who applies his or her engineering experience to forensic topics. Forensic engineers typically work with civil cases involving products which have failed to perform as expected, but they can also be involved in criminal cases, and they may be called upon to investigate patent disputes and other legal issues which require the input of an experienced engineer. A typical forensic engineer holds at least a bachelor's degree in engineering, and he or she may have a graduate degree or two as well.

In a classic example of how forensic engineering might be applied, after a bridge failure, a city government might call an engineer to find out how and why the bridge failed, and who might be liable. Lawyers and public safety agencies can also use forensic engineers in product liability cases, and in other situations where the failure of an engineering product caused an undesirable outcome. In investigations into patent claims, forensic engineers can examine the product being patented, and determine whether or not it is truly original.

In criminal cases, a forensic engineer may talk about various engineering-related conditions which are relevant to the case. If, for example, someone is accused of filing another person's brake lines with the goal of causing them to sever, leading the brakes to fail, a forensic engineer could talk generally about how brakes work and which techniques could be used to make them fail, and he or she could examine actual physical evidence to see what happened, and whether or not the case is valid.

Engineering can also become relevant in more abstract ways, ranging from claims by a defendant which are designed to provide an alibi which could be disproved by an engineer, to examining homemade weapons to determine how they were engineered, what level of expertise would have been needed to make them, and how well they would have worked. Forensic engineers work both in the laboratory and in the field, relying on a variety of tools and skills to perform their work.

In some cases, a forensic engineer may be hired by a government agency, such as a police force. Others work for firms which specialize in forensic engineering, or for companies which manufacture products like cars, which require a great deal of engineering expertise to make their products safe. Others may work as professors or instructors, serving as forensic engineering consultants on the side.

What is a Project Engineer?

A project engineer is an individual who leads the engineering design on a specific project. He may be the sole designer on the job, or may be the leader of a large design team. There are various levels of project engineers at different firms, and a senior engineer may manage several individual project engineers, who may themselves manage other designers, draftsmen, and assistants. The term “project engineer” should not be confused with the licensing designation of “Professional Engineer (PE).”

There are a number of different types of project engineer, and each relies on different training and skills to produce designs. Civil and geotechnical engineers perform site designs, study soil composition, and create plans for roads and other municipal structures. Mechanical engineers design heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems as well as machines used in manufacturing and industry. Electrical engineers may create municipal utility systems, or calculate appropriate power supplies for buildings and homes. Finally, structural engineers use weights and loads of materials to design safe buildings and other projects.

To perform these specialized tasks, a project engineer will usually have a graduate level degree as well as several years of experience as an assistant or draftsman. He or she may pursue the title of Professional Engineer, but this designation is not required of all engineers. Most countries and states require that building plans and other technical documents be reviewed and stamped by a PE, but generally don't require that all designers obtain this title. To use the title of Professional Engineer, an individual must obtain a graduate degree as well as several years of experience, then pass a state licensing exam.

The daily routine of a project engineer is ever-changing. He may meet with architects and other engineers on a project to coordinate design issues, or may spend the day determining the best system to meet the technical and functional needs of a new building. He might walk the job site to inspect a project as it progresses, and help contractors with questions or problems related to the engineering design. Finally, he may simply spend the day in the office, reviewing schedules and budgets, selecting materials, and managing his fellow team members.

In the construction industry, the title of project engineer is given to new project managers, or job site assistants. Many individuals who enter this field have engineering or construction management degrees, though the responsibilities of those in construction differs significantly from a designing engineer. Construction project engineers typically work out in the field, representing the general contractor and managing the day-to-day project activities. They do no design work, and instead, they help guide tradesmen on the job by interpreting the project's building plans. After several years of increased responsibility, the project engineer is usually promoted to project manager, and is given his own projects to run.

How Do I Get a Software Engineering Degree?

There are four requirements to obtain a software engineering degree: meet the application criteria, select the appropriate school, pay the tuition, and complete the coursework. A software engineering degree is widely available from a broad range of universities and online schools. This type of degree provides training in the creation of software programs.

In order to gain acceptance in a software engineering degree program, there are specific application criteria that must be met. Candidates must have successfully completed high school courses in calculus, statistics, algebra, and English. The number of applicants for a software engineering degree is quite high, which in turn makes the marks required to gain admissions also quite high. Many people also take courses in computer programming and systems, although this is not a requirement for admissions.

When selecting a school for a software engineering degree, it is important to review three main items: reputation, breadth of program offerings, and internship opportunities. A school with an excellent reputation has dedicated significant money, time, and resources to the program over a period of years. Look at the qualifications of the professors, their areas of expertise and research. Review recent publications in computer science magazines and journals to learn more about their philosophies and approach. Read the school website for detailed biographies.

Internship and cooperative job placement opportunities are critical to gaining valuable experience. When selecting a school, this may be the most important item to consider. Software engineering programs with deep connections to local business and industry can provide a wider range of potential opportunities and greatly improve your resume.

A software engineering degree is often significantly more expensive than a bachelor of arts degree. This is because it is considered a professional degree, providing opportunities for positions with a higher starting salary than other programs. Talk to your academic adviser about scholarships, student loans, bursaries, and grants to help reduce this cost.

The coursework in a software engineering degree is divided into two streams: theory and application. The theory-based courses include a significant amount of advanced math, logic, system structure, and software design methodologies. The application stream provides courses on project management, systems integration, implementation, and the steps required to realize a software design project.

The software engineering degree courses are designed to meet the requirements of the National Society of Professional Engineers, which is the association responsible for the professional engineer (P.Eng) designation. This internationally recognized designation is required to work at an engineering level. A combination of education, experience, and a certification exam is required to obtain the designation.

How Do I Get an Electrical Engineering Degree?

An electrical engineering degree requires a combination of aptitude, education, and dedication. As an electrical engineer, you are responsible for designing and implementing electrical systems in a wide range of settings, ranging from product design to manufacturing. In order to work as an electrical engineer, you must have an accredited electrical engineering degree.

Successful electrical engineers have an aptitude for math, spatial relationships, problem solving, and design. This is generally true for all engineering roles, but is especially relevant for electrical engineering. In electrical engineering, the work is focused on large-scale systems, where it is not possible to create a complete working model before building the system. The quality and clarity of the design is critical to the success of the project.

There are two possible methods of getting an electrical engineering degree, through an online or traditional university. Online schools offer courses through the Internet and traditional university courses are classroom lecture based. Many traditional universities now offer a combination of online and classroom courses to increase the flexibility of their programs to meet student needs.

When selecting a school for your electrical engineering degree, it is important to ensure the school is accredited. An accredited school has been evaluated by an outside agency to confirm the quality of the academic program. Only accredited schools can offer government student aid programs. The professional engineering licensing boards and graduate programs accept only accredited degrees.

The requirements to gain admission to this type of program vary by institution, but they all require high school courses in calculus, algebra, geometry, physics and English. The competition to study electrical engineering is quite fierce, so high marks are required to be accepted into the program. Many students invest in tutoring or extra assistance to achieve the high marks required for admission.

The faculty of engineering is responsible for all engineering degree programs. The courses offered in the first year are usually common across all engineering disciplines. Specialization begins in second year and continues to narrow in focus as until graduation.

An engineering degree has a very heavy course load. Students must be focused, disciplined, and motivated to succeed in this program. Engineering students often have 20 hours of homework and laboratory work each week. In order to be successful, you must be dedicated and driven. Upon completion, there is a wide range of very interesting and lucrative jobs available but hard work is required.

What Does a Field Engineer Do?

A field engineer is a professional who works at job sites other than the main company office or headquarters. This person often services clients at their homes or businesses. He or she may work in a variety of fields, and can be responsible for installing hardware, servicing a machine, or the maintenance and repair of already-installed products.

Expertise in the area of service, including a strong familiarity with the product, creativity, and problem-solving abilities are all good skills for a field engineer to develop. Since field engineers typically work directly with clients, it can be beneficial to have strong communication skills as well. Good fine motor skills and dexterity are often required.

There are a number of training programs, degrees, and apprenticeships that a potential field engineer may seek. An average field engineer typically learns through on-the-job experience, but formal training in the specialized field is often required, or at least desired, depending on the company. These fields can include a wide variety of subjects, including utilities, construction, engineering, pest control, plumbing, computer programming, electronics, and many other areas.

The day-to-day schedule of a field engineer will vary depending on the person's area of expertise, company, and willingness to travel. Some field engineers may travel a day or more to repair specialized equipment, such as a specific piece of farm machinery, while others may perform tasks within their own neighborhoods. A field engineer who works for a company may work a standard daily schedule, while a self-employed engineer may work out of his or her own home, creating his or her own flexible schedule.

While working with a team may be a requirement, many field engineers work alone. Tools, transportation, and a communication device such as a cellular phone or pager may or may not be supplied, depending on the company. Field engineers in the construction industry, for example, often are required to supply their own tools and transportation, while engineers in the cable industry are more likely to have a company vehicle and tools to use. Some companies also provide reimbursement for miles traveled while working.

Continuing education may be required, especially if the company is technologically-based. As products and services change, field engineers must be ready to learn and adapt to these changes. Education may be paid for by the company.

What Is Structural Analysis?

Architects, builders, construction supervisors, users, and occupants of a structure all depend on accurate structural analysis in determining the physical integrity of a structure. The specific structure may be a house, an office building, a bridge, tunnel, tower, or even an airplane or ship. Structural analysis ensures that the particular structural design will withstand the stresses and forces, both internal and external, that it is designed for. Thus, known parameters are implemented in examining the safety and longevity factors of a particular structure. As well, structural analysis is often relied on in determining the cause of structural failure.

The analysis of a structure must reflect an accurate estimate of all the anticipated strengths and weaknesses of a structure. The analysis will determine volume limits, as well as linear and surface strengths and weaknesses of structural components, including the strength of columns, walls, connectors, beams, braces, and roofs. Structural analysis is based, in large part, on immutable physical laws. A correct structural analysis most often results in the over-building of a structure.

In addition to the inflexible physical limits of load-bearing capability, tensile strength, and manufacturing properties of construction materials, mathematics, testing, computations, and theory are each a distinct and important aspect in structural analysis. Each design and material component of a structure is subject to its own set of physical laws. Even the stability of the surface on which the structure will stand, wind conditions, and impact resistance of the various components of a structure is examined in preparing a structural analysis.

Structural engineers, those responsible for the analysis of a structure, are highly educated and trained to decipher the complexities of materials capabilities, geometric design, and stress factors — both intended and actual — determining the feasibility of a particular structural design. Using education, experience, and modern structural software, structural engineers, architects, and builders work in concert to erect a structure that will resist failure. The structural engineer, as is his function, must often overriding the fiscal concerns of the builder, as well as the reining in aesthetic fancies of the designer or architect.

Structural analysis has a history dating back well over 2000 years. The ancient Greeks and Romans used the analysis of load-bearing materials, force, and stress to build the structures of antiquity, a number of which remain intact today. The Great Wall of China is another example of ancient architecture surviving today due to a correct analysis of the projected integrity of structural components. It is apparent that though building materials and structural design aesthetics have changed radically over the centuries, the basic mathematical analysis of structural elements remains the same.

What Is Structural Engineering?

Structural engineering is the design of structural support systems for buildings, bridges, earthworks, and industrial structures. This branch of engineering focuses on supporting a load safely, and relies on principles of physics and mathematics to design these supports. The work is carried out by structural engineers, though in many areas, the lines between civil and structural engineering are blurred. As buildings become increasingly complicated, many universities and licensing boards are creating separate programs and certifications for structural engineers, helping to distinguish it as its own separate field.

The tasks involved in structural engineering are varied and complex, but the primary goal is always to develop a support system that will allow the structure to stand safely, and to minimize the risk of collapse. An engineer must account for temperature changes, weather, and many other factors during design, and choose materials that can withstand such elements. He or she must create a structure with just enough deflection and sway to account for natural shifts and expansion without creating danger or discomfort for occupants. Finally, he or she must complete the design and specify materials that fit within the project budget.

During the design of a building, structural engineers work closely with architects and other project team members. For structurally intensive projects like skyscrapers, the structural engineer often leads the design process. In cases like this, the structural elements often take precedence over architectural features, though the design must still accommodate the necessary building components such as mechanical and electrical systems.

Using columns, beams, plates, and other structural engineering elements, the engineer will design a safe, practical system of support that satisfies all project criteria. He or she may use materials made from iron or steel as the building's structural base, though pre-stressed concrete and pre-cast panels are another solid option. For smaller structures, wooden timbers can also be an effective support material, and also offer a unique look when left exposed. Other materials used by the structural engineer include aluminum and steel alloys as well as masonry units.

Due to the complexities of this field, the majority of structural engineers throughout the world have at least a four-year undergraduate degree. In most areas, structural engineering professionals must also be licensed, though requirements vary dramatically. In the US, a structural engineer must have a four or five-year degree as well as several years of work experience before he or she can apply for licensing. All potential applicants are tested using exams developed by the National Council of Examiners in Engineering and Surveying (NCEES), which is the national governing body for engineering certification.

What Is a Biomedical Engineer?

A biomedical engineer researches and develops new medical equipment, using his or her knowledge of biology, medicine, technology, and mechanical engineering. He or she might create new prosthetic devices, artificial organs, or metal joint replacements for hips, shoulders, and knees. A biomedical engineer also improves the safety and efficiency of hospital equipment, such as medical resonance imaging (MRI) and x-ray machines.

Many biomedical engineers work for medical research and development institutions, studying the existing medical technology and thinking of ways to improve upon it. An engineer may spend months researching a particular instrument, such as an MRI machine, to learn about its complicated parts and processes. He or she then devises a plan on how to make the machine more safe, effective, and easier to use. The biomedical engineer might draw up plans for a new machine and work with a team of technicians to design a prototype device. Once the prototype proves effective in several laboratory and clinical trials, it can be marketed and implemented in medical facilities.

Advancements in medical technology lead to the development of complex prosthetic organs and limbs, as well as braces, wheelchairs, and support systems. A biomedical engineer considers the most common problems that patients face, such as heart issues, and construct instruments that can be used to prevent or overcome their problems. The artificial heart, for example, was the product of years of intensive biomedical research. It is now used worldwide to help people overcome life-threatening heart conditions.

To become a biomedical engineer, a person is usually required to obtain at least a bachelor's degree in engineering, although many research and development institutions give preference to scientists with master's or doctoral degrees. Undergraduates typically major in mechanical engineering, though they often take multiple classes in biology, chemistry, and medicine to supplement their engineering courses. Many graduates take internship positions at research facilities, where they learn firsthand about the creation and implementation of new devices. Some states and countries require that new engineers pass a licensing examination in order to conduct independent research and develop new products.

Experienced biological engineers are generally in high demand in order to apply the newest technology and principles to the creation of safe, effective medical devices. The increasing population of elderly people and injured war veterans is creating an immediate need for new equipment, including prosthetic devices and wheelchairs. Skilled biomedical engineers ensure that people can live as comfortably and independently as possible by providing them with the latest medical technology.

How Do I Choose the Best Biomedical Engineering Programs?

The best biomedical engineering programs can be evaluated by researching the following five items: accreditation, industry partnerships, graduate-level programs, alumni graduation statistics, and faculty quality. A biomedical engineering program is offered at the university level and provides training in biology, engineering, and advanced math. Upon graduation, a biomedical engineer can find employment opportunities in universities, product development companies, and research laboratories.

Accredited biomedical engineering programs have been evaluated by an independent agency, authorized by the government. This agency is responsible for reviewing the quality of academic programs and administrative policies to ensure that they meet a minimum standard. Professional associations, such as the National Society for Professional Engineers (NSPE), only accept courses completed at an accredited school in their academic evaluation process. The NSPE is responsible for the certification of engineers as professional engineers (P.Eng). This designation is a requirement for most employment opportunities in engineering.

Many biomedical engineering programs have close connections to the biomedical engineering industry. These relationships result in guest speakers, industry-sponsored events or showcases, opportunities for work terms, and prestigious appointments. Connections to industry help the school ensure the course content is relevant, accurate, and has application in real life.

A graduate-level program can range from a master's or Ph.D. degree to post-graduate specialized certificates. The best biomedical engineering programs offer a range of post-graduate education opportunities. These types of programs attract a higher caliber of instructor, provide up-to-date course content, and indicate an understanding of the important skills in the current market.

Every post-secondary school maintains statistics on graduate employment rates. This information is collected at three-, six-, and 12-month intervals and provides insight into the impact of the education program. The level of detail varies, but typically includes current job title, starting salary, full time or part time, type of industry, and if the job is training related. The best biomedical engineering programs will have a high alumni employment rate within the industry.

When selecting a biomedical engineering program, take the time to review the credentials of the faculty or teaching staff. While the program director may have an impressive resume, the average student will never meet someone at this level. The actual course instructors should be experts in their respective fields and have relevant industry experience.

At the university level, the instructors should all be published, with articles in scientific and engineering journals. Read a few of these articles to learn more about the instructor’s area of specialization and interest. Avoid any school that is unwilling to discuss the background and qualifications of its teaching staff.

What Is Health Information Technology?

Health information technology refers to technology in the form of an electronic database that could be used in place of paper to store medical information. This type of technology has many different benefits that can improve the lives of both patients and medical professionals. Still, there are some drawbacks to health information technology that must also be addressed.

By using complex computer storage systems, medical professionals could easily input patient information that can later be accessed by other medical professionals. Since many people visit with a range of medical specialists, shared patient knowledge would prevent medical errors such as the prescribing of conflicting medications. In addition, upon looking at a patient's virtual medical chart, medical professionals would not be tempted to try procedures that have already been administered.

Health information technology also serves a practical purpose. Unlike paper medical charts, electronic charts have a smaller chance of becoming damaged or lost in the wake of a disaster. This would prevent a large number of vital medical records from becoming destroyed when fires, floods, and other emergency situations occur. Also, the creation of a large medical record database would allow emergency room doctors to attend to a patient, even if that patient happens to be far away from their primary care physician.

Monetarily speaking, the creation of a large health information technology system would save governments a lot of money. Often, unnecessary medical procedures are performed solely based upon a lack of patient information. These procedures could be avoided if all medical specialists could have immediate access to a patients' medical records.

Aside from all of the positive aspects of health information technology, there is some concern that electronic medical files might not be entirely safe. Since patient information would be stored within a large electronic database, it is possible that this database could become subject to computer hacking. Further, any type of electronic database would be subject to computer errors, though these would likely be minimal when compared to possible human errors that already occur within the medical field.

The other major issue associated with the implementation of a large health database is the cost of the actual system set-up. This type of medical system would likely cost billions of dollars to create, though the benefits of this database may outweigh the actual cost. Presently, the framework for a health information technology system is available, though the actual system has yet to be constructed.

What Is Healthcare Informatics?

Healthcare informatics combines the fields of information technology and health to develop the systems required to administer the expansion of information, advance clinical work flow, and improve the security of the healthcare system. It involves the integration of information science, computer technology, and medicine to collect, organize, and secure information systems and health–related data. The extraordinary explosion of medical knowledge, technologies, and ground-breaking drugs may vastly improve healthcare delivery to consumers, and keeping the information related to these advancements organized and accessible is key.

Healthcare informatics utilizes computer hardware, specialized software, and communication devices to form complex computer networks to collect, analyze, and transmit medical processes. The tools for creating health information systems are not limited just to information technology. These systems should also allow for the assimilation of clinical directives, understanding of formal medical jargon, storage of data, and transmission of clear communication. Medical informatics can be applied in all types of health environments, including primary care, general practice, hospital care, and rehabilitation. It is also inclusive of many of the specialties within the healthcare field.

Information systems may used to create greater operating efficiencies in three basic functions of healthcare: clinical, administrative, and financial. For example, healthcare informatics is pivotal in the movement to cut costs and enhance patient care by implementing a standardized system for electronic medical records. It is also a key to expanding the development health information systems for billing, clinical research, client scheduling, and the exchange of medical information.

Physicians can avail themselves of the growing knowledge base and make better decisions bolstered by computer software called clinical decision support systems (CDSS). Other computer systems, called electronic prescribing systems, eliminate the need for hand-written prescriptions and minimize errors. Informatics also allow for data mining to determine the effectiveness of drugs. This may reduce the cost of treatments, lessen mistakes, and help further advancements in the quality of care.

One of the major objectives of healthcare informatics is to formulate a standard approach for healthcare internationally. The idea is for researchers, providers, and patients to benefit from the informatics tools, techniques, concepts, and protocols that transform healthcare delivery, and to promote best practices in the healthcare field. As a result of evolving and complex legal issues related to information technology and health-related fields, healthcare informatics is also important in health law as it relates to ethical, operational, and privacy concerns.

Many experts agree that one of the main challenges of healthcare informatics is to get medical providers committed to the widespread implementation of the various information technology components. Healthcare informatics may not only create a seamless and comprehensive healthcare system, but can assist industry professionals to solve problems, make decisions, and provide better customer service. It may help professionals process multiple functions that will enable them to perform their duties more effectively and efficiently.

What Is Biomedical Informatics?

Biomedical informatics, as a scientific discipline, has its roots in the early 1970s. It encompasses the fields of bioinformatics, medical imaging, health informatics, and several other disciplines. In recent years, this biological field has experienced explosive growth, due to public access to massive amounts of data generated from the Human Genome Project. A host of other complementary research efforts have also contributed to the knowledge base. This synergistic blend of multiple branches of biology, combined with information technology and knowledge, has enabled researchers and clinicians to utilize an array of information to advance biological research and healthcare.

The integration of information technology and biomedical knowledge has paved the way for impressive breakthroughs in the healthcare and pharmaceutical sectors. Health-related events, such as modeling, identifying DNA sequences, analyzing protein structures, and manipulating data, may be performed effortlessly and with remarkable speed. The breath and depth of ground-breaking information and understanding of the human organism, and its environment, covers the entire gamut. The accumulation and application of data and knowledge range from molecular exchanges and cell communication to personal genotypes and group populations.

Many life sciences professionals expect volumes of pioneering knowledge emanating from various projects to revolutionize the health field. Perhaps the most significant application of biomedical informatics is likely to be in personalized medical care. Utilizing traditional health data already included in personal medical records, individual phenotype information, and other sources, clinicians can deliver better healthcare services. They may also position themselves to be more pro-active and better able to detect diseases in the early stages of development.

Another benefit derived from the progress of biomedical informatics is the ability for healthcare professionals to create lucid and sophisticated medical evaluations of individuals. Profiles can be made available to patients and their healthcare providers. Some people may even choose to exploit this information in other areas of their lives, including nutritional options, lifestyle decisions, employment choices, and identification of prenatal diseases. Other goals inherent in biomedical informatics include the promotion of breakthroughs and innovations in diagnostic and remedial techniques. These accomplishment are not only capable of improving the healthcare system, but may also create greater effectiveness and efficiencies throughout the industry.

As the field of biomedical informatics matures, proponents have the broader objective of further consolidation and development of this scientific branch. This could be accomplished by researchers continuing to study and decipher the abundance of biological data that is available. The refinement and creation of innovative algorithms, specialized software, and automated processes can also help. In the post-genome period, the challenge remains to make significant progress in the delivery of personalized medical services and to lower costs. This could be accomplished with the commitment and support of the entire healthcare industry to making wide spread use of the data, knowledge, and clinical computing systems that are available.

What Are the Different Biomedical Engineering Jobs?

Biomedical engineers are an important part of the medical community. The knowledge, inventions, and people that are behind many biomedical engineering jobs are responsible for improving lives across the globe by creating new theories on life systems or designing medical instruments. The contributions made by those employed in biomedical engineering jobs are countless: minuscule devices to inhibit cell growth; artificial bones, tendons, and discs; highly sensitive monitors and medical imaging systems; artificial hearts; synthetic blood; medical robotics; and tissue engineering – to name just a few.

There are three areas where biomedical engineering jobs seem to originate: research, design, and instruction. Each has specific duties and specialized fields of work. It is up to the individual to decide which area interests her most.

Biomedical research is a broad term. Biomedical engineers who fall in the research category must use utilize a wide range of knowledge in their everyday jobs, pulling from mechanical, chemical and electrical engineering backgrounds. In addition, it is important to understand all aspects of living systems, including anatomy and physiology.

For those who are interested in biomedical engineering jobs with an emphasis in design, medical devices will become their primary focus. They will work to design artificial limbs, organ, special surgical lasers, and high tech machines. They will also build systems to keep hospitals, labs, and clinic current with the various procedures. In addition, those involved in the design aspect of biomedical engineering may teach staff how to use the new devices that they created.

The third facet of biomedical engineering is instruction. There are jobs available on the university level. Those who accept biomedical engineering jobs and an instructor will teach classes, advise students, join committees related to biomedical engineering, and become involved in university research projects.

Luckily, there are additional biomedical engineering jobs that are specific to a given area, yet falling amongst one of the three categories mentioned above. For example, a bioinstrumentation engineer will create devices that are used to analyze and treat various diseases. Computers – from microprocessors to microcomputers involved in medical imaging - are a valuable part to those involved in bioinstrumentation.

Other biomedical engineering jobs include biomaterials engineers, biomechanics engineers, clinical engineers, and systems physiology engineers. Biomaterials engineers research and develop artificial materials that are used inside the human body to make sure they are compatible and not toxic. Biomechanics engineers use the laws of mechanics to study the way fluids work inside the body and study the way mechanics is applied to medical problems. Clinical engineers purchase medical devices and instruments for hospitals and work with doctors to ensure that the equipment meets their needs. Systems physiology engineers use engineering strategies and techniques to understand a wide range of living organisms – from viruses to people.

What Is a Safety Consultant?

A safety consultant is an individual who works to ensure that safety standards are in place for the health and well being of individuals in a given situation. The vast majority of safety consultants work full time for agencies that contract with companies to provide strategies related to workplace safety. Other consultants may provide safety advice in areas of engineering, aviation, water activities, and in a number of other areas.

Very few companies have the ability, or the need, to keep a safety consultant on staff full time. That is why most of the work is contracted out to a private agency. There are some times, however, when an individual may be hired by a company on a full-time basis. Companies with multiple manufacturing plants or bases of operation may find that a traveling safety consultant keeps busy reviewing a number of different facilities, and suggesting process improvements.

A workplace safety consultant is mainly in charge of making sure the workplace is as safe as can be, and identifying issues that make it less safe. Some specialize in certain industries, such as transportation, advanced manufacturing, or construction. This gives them the expertise needed to look over the many different aspects related to those specific industries. Sometimes, a safety consultant may be able to save a company a substantial amount of money by finding problems that can be corrected before a government inspector, like those working for the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, perform an inspection. These inspectors have the ability to levy fines if violations are deemed severe enough.

An aviation safety consultant, or consultants working with ocean-going vessels, are likely to provide information on how to make these methods of travel safer. This may include recommending a certain maintenance schedule, setting up additional training for staff, and reviewing other administrative functions. While large commercial transportation companies will probably already be practicing these things, smaller companies may need the information. Those offering private charter or shipping services, for example, may need some additional expertise when it comes to looking after some of these issues.

An engineering safety consultant may be brought in, especially during difficult construction projects, to review plans and recommend changes. This may include recommendations for reinforcing joints, using certain materials, or a number of other possibilities. In some cases, using a safety consultant can help lower the insurance costs for the building. This may be especially true in areas prone to earthquakes or hurricanes, where the structural safety of the building can play a key role in determining how well it survives the event.

What Is an Engineering Firm?

An engineering firm is a business made up of professional engineers and consultants. These firms often specialize in construction, transportation, and environmental services. They offer consulting and technical services to contractors, architects, and municipalities. Some engineers may also specialize in other disciplines, including aerospace, industry, military, and genetics. In general, these specialty engineers work for private companies or government organizations, and not for engineering firms.

Engineering firms are hired by architects, construction companies, and private clients to design or modify buildings, roads, and parcels of land. Civil and environmental engineers may design roads or develop site plans which satisfy the needs of developers while protecting the environment and the public. Mechanical and electrical engineers create technical system designs for residences, commercial buildings, and sometimes entire cities. Structural engineers consider material weights, loads, and external forces to design safe and efficient structures.

An engineering firm may offer services from a variety of engineering disciplines, or may focus on a single one. Larger firms may include civil, mechanical, electrical, and structural engineers who collaborate on single projects for a client. This provides a “one-stop shop” approach that helps to minimize communication errors and is also quiet convenient for the client. Smaller firms often specialize in a specific discipline, such as civil work. In these cases, there is an enormous amount of communication and collaboration required between the various engineering firms on the project.

On the average building project, whether it is a road, school, or shopping center, an owner or developer will approach an architect with list of the projects basic requirements. The architect will create a preliminary design, known as a schematic drawing. Before the details of the drawing can be developed, the architect must consult engineers who specialize in fields that are applicable to the project.

The architect may first approach a civil or environmental engineering firm. Professionals from these firms will perform tests and create geotechnical reports on the existing soil. They will use these tests to create a site plan for the project, which will show sediment and erosion control and changes that must be made to the land so that the new building can be accommodated. A civil engineering firm may also develop road, water, and sewer plans to connect the new building to the surrounding infrastructure.

Next, a structural engineering firm must be consulted. The engineers from this firm will design a complete structural system for the new building. This generally includes metal or wood framing, roof support structures, and underground footers and support. The structural engineer will often collaborate with the civil engineer when it comes to new roads or large grading changes on the site.

Finally, an architect may approach a mechanical or electrical engineering firm. A few companies may perform both of these trades, but often they are performed by separate firms. The mechanical engineers will design heating and cooling systems and will specify appropriate mechanical equipment to be used in the structure. The electrical engineering firm will produce a lighting design, wiring diagrams, and recommendations for connecting the new system to the municipal power supply.

The employees who work for an engineering firm may vary wildly when it comes to educational and professional background. In many Western countries, engineers must obtain graduate level degrees and complete several years of applicable work experience before using the title of Professional Engineer (PE). The PE exam requirements vary from country to country, and even from state to state within the US. As a result, many engineers do not obtain PE certification, and instead rely on training and experience when proving technical and consulting services.

What is Concurrent Engineering?

Concurrent engineering is a method used in product development. It is different than the traditional product development approach in that it employs simultaneous, rather than sequential, processes. By completing tasks in parallel, product development can be accomplished more efficiently and at a substantial cost savings.

Rather than completing all physical manufacturing of a prototype prior to performing any testing, concurrent engineering allows for design and analysis to occur at the same time, and multiple times, prior to actual deployment. This multidisciplinary approach emphasizes teamwork through the use of cross-functional teams, and it allows for employees to work collaboratively on all aspects of a project from start to finish.

Also known as the iterative development method, concurrent engineering requires continual review of a team’s progress and frequent revision of project plans. The rationale behind this creative, forward-looking approach is that the earlier that errors can be discovered, the easier and less costly they are to correct. Concurrent engineering practitioners claim that this design management system offers several benefits, including increased product quality for the end user, faster product development times, and lower costs for both the manufacturer and the consumer.

There are some drawbacks associated with the initial implementation of concurrent engineering, including the need for considerable organizational restructuring and extensive retraining of workers. Such potentially disruptive changes and added work requirements may be met with resistance from managers and other employees. Also, there are usually considerable difficulties in transferring data among employees in different departments, which may require the additional tracking software applications. In addition to these significant up-front investments, organizations pursuing a concurrent engineering work model must typically wait several years before seeing the benefits of this transition.

Concurrent engineering can be applied to any industry, and by organizations of various sizes. Polaroid, Boeing, NASA, and the European Space Agency are among the most well-known entities that have successfully implemented concurrent engineering programs. In one notable example, General Electric employees were able to reduce the design time associated with several aircraft engine components by approximately 19 weeks through the use of concurrent engineering. Increasingly, business leaders believe that the concurrent engineering design provides the flexibility necessary for quickly meeting the changing demands of a highly competitive, global marketplace.

What is Chemical Engineering?

One of the four major kinds of engineering is chemical engineering – the others being civil, mechanical, and electrical engineering. As its name implies, it involves the production and the processing of chemicals. Chemical engineering is useful in the development of products, such as metals, detergents, plastics, and pharmaceuticals, from chemicals. In general, chemical engineers work to create safe uses for chemicals in the most cost-effective manner. New compounds may be discovered by chemists; however, without a chemical engineer engaging her skills to quantify, test, and produce it, the new compound may never become a final product.

Chemical engineering is based on a deep understanding of how matter is structured and how molecules can be transformed. At times, matter is inspected on the molecular scale, such as with certain polymers that are used in controlled-release formulated drugs. In contrast, matter can also be studied on the global scale, such as measuring the chemistry involved in global climate changes. In all, chemical engineers are responsible for contributing to the technological backbone of many of the world’s industries, ranging from the manufacturing of chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and plastics to the processing of petroleum and food.

Because chemical engineering involves a deep understanding in a wide range of studies, it is also one of the most versatile disciplines. For example, a chemical engineer is expected to study chemistry, physics, advanced mathematics, and biology. As a result, those interested in chemical engineering can choose from any number of industries or specialties. Research, technical sales, a biomedical engineering are three such specialties, discussed below.

Sometimes chemical engineering is deeply intertwined with research. In those cases, the engineers work hand-in-hand with chemists to create new or improved products or processing methods. Once a new or improved product is thought-up, the next step is to develop it – usually in a laboratory under the supervision of a chemical engineer. If the product appears to be successful, it continues on to a pilot plant where a chemical engineer will test the product or the new process, make changes where necessary, and keep detailed reports. In modifying the product or process, they want to ensure that it is better than before, without posing safety issues, creating undue waste, or spending too much money or time.

Technical sales engineering and biomedical engineering are each subsets of chemical engineering. A chemical engineer involved in technical sales will work with customers to determine what kind of manufactured product will fit their needs. Often times, they will work as managers and make decisions related to their business. A biomedical engineer develops concepts and ponders the ideas of other members in the medical and scientific community and makes them into devices, materials, treatments, instruments, procedures, and techniques that are usable and helpful to patients and their doctors.

What Are the Different Engineering Manager Jobs?

There are four different engineering manager jobs: consultancy, working for an engineering services firm, teaching, and working in industry. An engineering manager is typically responsible for a group of engineers or engineering technologists. All engineering managers must be fully licensed, professional engineers. Training in management techniques does not provide the level of expertise required to function in this type of job.

In order to become an engineer, you will need to complete a university degree in engineering. There are a wide range of engineering specialties available, ranging from electronics to civil engineering. After completing an undergraduate degree, candidates must pass an examination managed by the Professional Engineers Association of America®. This association is responsible for the professional engineering (P.Eng) designation.

A growing number of engineering managers open their own practice. Working as independent consultants, they provide their expertise to manufacturing firms, government agencies, and other companies. Some industries do not require a full-time engineering manager on staff, but require this skill set for specific, limited time periods. This flexibility also allows the firm to hire engineering managers with different areas of expertise, as required.

There are a broad range of engineering manager jobs available in an engineering services company. These companies specialize in different engineering areas and are able to call upon a wide range of specialties as needed. This type of firm provides a valuable service for multidiscipline projects.

Engineering managers can become instructors at local community or career colleges, teaching courses to engineering technicians or technologists. In order to become an instructor, many engineers complete a certificate program in adult education. Learning the most effective way to teach adults can be a huge help when making this career transition.

Most people become engineering managers by moving up through their company. This can occur in all sectors of the engineering industry, ranging from manufacturing to civil engineering. The working experience gained is critical to the success of a career as an engineering manager. Other engineers and technologists must be able to rely on the advice and instructions from the manager at all times.

People who report the greatest satisfaction in engineering manager jobs enjoy problem solving and working independently. Attention to detail, professionalism, dedication, and self-discipline are very important in this career. Career advancement opportunities are widely available, but reputation is very important in engineering. Take the time to consistently deliver quality work so that you can be eligible for engineering manager jobs.

What Does an Engineering Manager Do?

An engineering manager has four areas of responsibility: supervising engineers or engineering technologists, project management, working with clients, and providing advice and acting as a resource. An engineering manager must be a fully licensed, professional engineer. There are a wide range of specialization options available in engineering, ranging from electronic to civil engineering.

In order to become a professional engineer (P.Eng), all candidates must complete a university undergraduate degree in engineering. These programs are typically four to five years in length. The admission requirements to these programs include high school courses in calculus, physics, algebra, technology, and English. An engineering degree is typically more expensive than a bachelor of arts degree, as this is a professional designation program, resulting in greater wage-earning capacity upon graduation.

People who enjoy interacting with others, are natural leaders, and are skilled engineers find this type of position rewarding. There is a level of instruction or guidance as part of this position that is a new skill for most engineers. Interpersonal skills and oral communication are highly valued in this role.

Engineering managers are required to supervise or manage teams of engineering technologists, engineers and other related professionals. The number of individuals and the breadth of areas they are responsible for vary by industry. For example, a civil engineering manager may be responsible for architectural drawing teams, drafts persons, and other support staff.

Project management forms the primary focus of the engineering manager’s day. In this role, he or she is responsible for project planning, creating time lines, organizing regular meetings, working with contractors and clients, and keeping the team on track. Engineering projects are typically quite large, and it is not unusual to have multiple engineering managers assigned to a project. This is very valuable for projects that impact multiple engineering disciplines.

Interacting with the client is an important part of the role of engineering manager. He or she is typically involved in the initial meeting, reviewing or creation of the project design or specifications, and the assignment of the team. Regularly scheduled meetings are usually arranged by the engineering manager, who sets the agenda and brings in team members as needed.

The ability to work well with a wide range of people, resolve problems quickly, and share information and experience with staff are important skills. Many engineering managers find that additional courses in team building, effective communication, and mentoring can be very helpful in this role. The dynamic of any team is based on the behavior of the team leader.

What is Mechanical Engineering?

Mechanical engineering is a very broad field of engineering that involves the use of physics and chemistry for the design, construction, use, and maintenance of various mechanical systems. Mechanical engineers must be familiar with a wide range of scientific topics, such as mechanics, kinematics, fluid mechanics, energy, and pneumatics. Generally speaking, they must also have considerable knowledge of mathematics, as many projects involving mechanical engineering are deeply rooted in mathematics.

Many different professions and fields benefit from mechanical engineering. Mechanical engineers are involved in the design of everything from automobile manufacturing equipment to robots and weapons. Despite the fact that it is among the oldest engineering disciplines, mechanical engineers are still researching new methods and materials to improve their field. One particular area of interest to mechanical engineers is nanotechnology, a discipline which attempts to apply microscopic particles to practical tasks. Another area of interest is mechatronics, which attempts to combine mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, and software engineering into one cohesive field.

Colleges and universities around the world offer bachelor's degrees in mechanical engineering. In most cases, it takes a student four to five years to complete the coursework necessary to get the degree. Coursework usually involves rigorous work in statics, dynamics, thermodynamics, drafting, instrumentation, and many other studies in the areas of science and design. Students are usually required to complete many engineering projects during their time in college. Some students go on to pursue master's degrees in mechanical engineering or in related fields.

Modern mechanical engineers make use of many different tools to complete their designs. Computer-aided engineering (CAE) programs and computer-aided design (CAD) programs allow engineers to design and even test many of their ideas on computers, saving much time and effort. Computer use has greatly cut down the cost of design for most engineering companies and has allowed engineers to complete their work much more effectively. The learning and use of CAE programs has become a central part of the field of mechanical engineering.

Mechanical engineering is not a single, well-defined field; it is a collection of many different subdisciplines that combine to allow engineers many different tools to solve engineering problems. Disciplines such as mechanics, kinematics, and drafting are all essential parts of the field. Mechanics is the study of forces and their effects on matter. Kinematics is a discipline that focuses on the motion of bodies and systems while ignoring the causes of the motion. Drafting is a field specialized in the creation of instructions for the manufacture of parts.

What Is Geotechnical Engineering?

Geotechnical engineering is a branch of civil engineering which deals with the behavior of earth materials. Professionals in this field examine the soil and rock layers that make up the earth in order to determine their physical and chemical properties. Using this information, they design foundations and earthworks structures for buildings, roads, and many other types of projects.

The goal of geotechnical engineering is to design soil stabilization systems that keep people safe. This may include ensuring a building will remain standing on unstable soil, or preventing earthquakes and landslides from impacting major roads. Geotechnical engineers may also work on projects that deal with underwater soils, such as those affecting marinas or offshore platforms.

The geotechnical design process starts with a subsurface investigation, where soil samples are taken using test pits or bores. Geotechnical engineers will then examine the properties of the soil, including its stability, the presence of air or rock pockets, and the chemical makeup of the earth. This investigation allows them to determine the environmental impact of disturbing the soil, as well as what steps should be taken to prepare the site for construction.

Once subsurface work is complete, a geotechnical engineering professional can use the results of this research to design stable footings and foundations. These structures are made from steel, concrete, or masonry, and are placed underground to support and distribute the weight of the building. To create accurate designs, engineers calculate the load of both building materials and the people inside. These systems must also allow the building to settle over time, and accommodate ground movements and impacts from weather. Typically, the more unstable the soil at a project site is, the larger and more complex the foundation system will be.

Geotechnical engineers also design earth support structures to accommodate roads, tunnels, dams, and other projects. Whenever the earth is moved or excavated, support systems must be used to keep the remaining earth from caving in or becoming unstable. Earthworks systems may include concrete or steel retaining walls, which physically hold the soil back and prevent collapsing or cave-ins. Another popular methods uses tie-backs or piles, which consist of steel pins that tie loose sections of earth to more stable ones. Temporary earthworks structures may be also be used to protect workers during excavation and underground work.

To work in the geotechnical engineering field, one must usually obtain both an undergraduate and professional level engineering degree. While some universities may offer specialized geotechnical programs, most students will find only general civil engineering programs. Upon graduation, candidates may find work in the field, working under the supervision of a licensed engineer. To perform geotechnical design work without supervision, one must secure a Professional Engineer (P.E.) license in civil or geotechnical engineering. To obtain this license, the engineer must have several years of relevant work experience, then pass a state-administered engineering exam.

What are Engineering Consultants?

Engineering consultants work with businesses to help them to meet their design and construction needs. Engineering consultants usually work as part of a consulting company, and come into the field after receiving an engineering degree and obtaining several years of experience in the field. They are experts at whatever field of engineering consulting they are involved in. Engineering is a very broad field, and consultants are required to have a very clear understanding of everything that a potential client may need.

One area that engineering consultants may work in is mechanical engineering. A consultant would be able to design and help implement plans for a more efficient heating and cooling system in a large building. Consultants may also be hired to assist in improving indoor air quality, processing exhaust and ventilation fumes, and designing commercial kitchens.

Engineering consultants can also work with businesses to create solutions for electrical problems. This may mean designing better lighting for a portion of the building or the parking area. They will also work on regulating energy distribution, and planning for an emergency power generator. An engineering consultant may also design a fire detection system or a security system complete with video surveillance equipment.

The plumbing system of a building is another section that an engineering consultant might be hired to work on. Waste removal, ventilation, hot and cold water distribution, and water heaters are all a part of what an engineer may work on. The sprinkler system, used to control fires, may also be designed by an engineering consultant.

An engineering consultant may also be responsible for designing an airport. He or she may also do land assessments, help with landscaping designs, and plan walkways through parks. Consultants design flood plans, making sure that there are sufficient drainage ducts to prevent costly flooding repairs. They assist with zoning decisions and planning development sites for residential, commercial, and government use.

Traffic studies are often performed by an engineering consulting firm. They plan roadways, plot traffic patterns, and create designs for new subway systems. They help to design better pavement for roadways that will last longer and require less maintenance. They also design and inspect bridges.

The work of an engineering consultant is varied. Because engineering is such a wide field, there is almost no limit to the work a consultant can perform. They perform several different types of work, for many different types of businesses. Engineering consultants find solutions that meet or exceed the needs of their clients.

What Are the Different Engineering Jobs?

Engineering is a very broad field that employs professionals with very different skills and backgrounds. There are many different types of engineering jobs available, where experts aid in the invention, research, development, planning, and construction of different products and systems. Engineering jobs are held by specialists in mechanical, electrical, civil, biomedical, and chemical engineering, among many other fields.

Individuals with detailed knowledge of the principles of physics mechanical engineering firms. Mechanical engineers create various types of machines and engines that are used in thousands of different capacities. Professionals may specialize in designing automobiles, industrial equipment, and robotic devices. Some experts, known as marine engineers, develop complex systems for various types of watercraft.

Electrical engineers develop electrical systems that are used in a number of different industries. They may implement residential and commercial power stations, create efficient electrical motors and systems for automobiles and large equipment, or build consumer electronic devices. Many electrical engineers oversee the installation process of power lines and electrical wires in different types of buildings.

Civil engineers design and implement public structures such as highways and streets, bridges, dams, large buildings, water storage and drainage systems, and sewers. They create blueprints for structures based on geological surveys, safety measures, health and safety codes, and available city budgets. Many engineers work closely with construction crews to ensure that structures and systems are built exactly according to specifications.

Many engineering jobs can be found with biochemical and medical research laboratories. Chemical engineers use their knowledge of biology and chemistry to create chemical manufacturing and testing equipment. Biomedical engineers might construct complex equipment, as well as artificial organs, prostheses, and other medical devices.

To obtain most engineering jobs, individuals must hold at least bachelor's degrees from accredited universities. Many practicing engineers, especially those involve with research, hold master's or doctoral degrees in their specialties. Professionals are usually required to pass licensing exams administered by their specific state or country before practicing their trade unsupervised. Some employers require new workers to obtain additional certification to further prove their expertise with specific engineering principals.

There is generally a very strong demand for skilled engineers in all specialties. As technology continues to advance in industry and manufacturing, the nature of engineering jobs is changing considerably. Professionals who have expertise in computer programming and drafting usually enjoy the most job opportunities, as more and more design systems come to rely on digital blueprints and models.

What is an Engineering Project Report?

An engineering project report is a detailed report explaining the results of an engineering project. Such reports are commonly used by project engineers to keep their companies and their superiors up to date about projects. While memos are short reports that are frequently given as updates throughout the progression of a project, engineering project reports are usually given at the conclusion of a project and tend to tell the final details of that project.

Students typically learn how to write an engineering project report in introductory engineering courses, as such reports are extensively used in the field of engineering. In fact, many instructors require students to submit reports on all of the projects that they complete in class, as the contents of the report often tell the instructor just how familiar with the engineering material the students are. In the professional field of engineering, it is usually the project manager engineer who takes data from the project and compiles it into a report.

The format of an engineering project report varies somewhat based on who sets the standards, who reads the report, and who writes the report. Overall, however, most reports have a similar, easy to understand format. Usually, an engineering project report passes over numerous desks and is read by many people. As such, the report must be logically organized so that each reader can quickly find the information that he is looking for. This is especially imperative in long projects, when reports can be composed of hundreds of pages of compiled data.

An engineering project report typically begins with a title page that states the title of the project, the date, and the names of the primary people involved. Next comes an abstract that contains a summary of the project that is usually no more than a few sentences long. After that is the very important executive summary, which is usually kept to a page or less. The executive summary is an explanation of the project that is written for someone without technical experience that does not have the time to wade through the pages of technical details.

After these parts of the engineering project report, the layout depends largely on what exactly the report is about. A table of contents clearly points readers to where they need to go for their information. Usually, a separate table of contents is used for diagrams and other figures. The main body of the report generally contains detailed technical information on every aspect of the project. At the end of the report, a conclusion is included that summarizes the findings of the report and makes recommendations concerning further action.

Engineering project reports are invaluable resources used by engineers around the world. They provide everyone from the CEO of the engineering firm to the recently-recruited engineer with the information they need to work on a project. Most important is the fact that that information is presented in a detailed and logical form, so that all of the relevant information can be found quickly and easily.

How Do I Choose the Best Environmental Engineering University?

There are four items to consider when choosing the best environmental engineering university: your priorities, admissions requirements, accreditation, and faculty. An environmental engineering university is also known as the faculty of engineering and is organized within a larger university. The vast majority of universities offer environment engineering programs through the faculty of engineering.

Deciding on an environmental engineering university is a difficult process. Published rankings list environmental engineering universities according to a specific criteria and each item is weighted according to its relative importance. However, the priorities of the ranking organization may not match your priorities. For example, many ranking organizations place a high value on the physical environment of the school, including the buildings and amount of open space. As an engineering student, you may decide that these items have less value for you, but that access to student housing off-campus is much more important.

In order to qualify for admission to an environmental engineering university, high marks in high school courses are required. The standard courses required include calculus, algebra, English, and technology. Many programs require applicants to complete a standardized test to determine their level of knowledge and suitability for environmental engineering university.

If you are looking at the best environmental engineering university in the country or state, take note that the admissions standard is higher to reflect the increased demand. As such, only students with the very best combination of marks, personal interview, test scores, and letters of recommendation are offered admissions. If you don't have the very best marks in your class, think about applying to schools that offer programs you are interested in or will help your career later on.

When looking for an environmental engineering university, the first item to check is the accreditation status. An accredited school has been reviewed by an independent third party that has examined its academic and administrative policies. Courses from an accredited school can be transferred to other post-secondary institutions and are accepted by certifying and licensing boards. Accredited schools are able to offer students access to government student aid programs.

Most environmental engineering universities provide the biographies of their faculty or instructors on their website. The information provided typically includes the academic credentials, research focus, publications, and any awards they have received. Review this information to learn more about the interests and focus of the course instructors. Environmental engineering programs should have academic staff with expertise in this area, as well as graduate programs and research available to students